The Role Of Indian Government Goals Achieved Till Date And...

Rural Development: An Overview of The Role of Indian Government, Goals Achieved Till Date and Goals That Are Yet to Achieve. Recently, rural advancement has expected worldwide consideration particularly among the developing countries. It has incredible essentialness for a nation like India where dominant part of the populace, around 65 per cent of the individuals, lives in rural or provincial areas. According to the Census of India 2001, out of 1,025 million population, about 77 per cent of the labour force lives in rural areas . Out of the total workforce about 58.5 per cent are engaged in agriculture alone. In such a situation, unless the rural economy is made vibrant in terms of employment, issues of poverty and human development would remain unaddressed. The present procedure of rural advancement in India primarily concentrates on poverty alleviation, better livelihood opportunities, provision of basic amenities, infrastructure facilities and foundation offices through creative projects of pay and independent work. Rural Development in India is a standout amongst the most imperative variables for the d evelopment of the Indian economy. India is fundamentally an agribusiness based nation. Agriculture contributes nearly one-fifth of the gross domestic product in India . In order to increase the growth of agriculture, the Government has planned several programs pertaining to Rural Development in India. So as to build the development of farming, infrastructural amenities,Show MoreRelatedCase Analysis : Escorts Agri Machinery1300 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Introduction: To achieve goals, understanding of organizational competencies is very crucial for strategy formation. Competency provide differentiated advantage over competitors. To get to realize a company’s strong and weak areas, understanding of its internal and external environment is important. Internal environment covers the following things in an organization: †¢ Organizational Structure – Allocated Roles and Authorities †¢ Decision making style of Top management †¢ Work attitude of employeesRead MoreCritical Evaluation of Fiscal Policy of India9150 Words   |  37 PagesThe post-crisis recovery of the Indian economy is witnessing a correction of the fiscal policy path towards a regime of prudence. In the future, the focus would probably be on bringing in new tax reforms and better targeting of social expenditures. Table of Contents Acknowledgement 1 Abstract 2 1. Introduction 4 2. Basic Concepts 7 3. India’s Fiscal Policy Architecture 8 4. Evolution of India’s Fiscal Policy till 1991 9 5. LiberalizationRead MoreFiscal Policy of India from 1991 to 20118862 Words   |  36 Pagesincluding tax cuts and increases in expenditures. The post-crisis recovery of the Indian economy is witnessing a correction of the fiscal policy path towards a regime of prudence. In the future, the focus would probably be on bringing in new tax reforms and better targeting of social expenditures. Introduction Fiscal policy deals with the taxation and expenditure decisions of the government. Monetary policy, deals with the supply of money in the economy and the rateRead MoreEthnic and Religious Conflict in Nigeria3148 Words   |  13 PagesPersia war, Alexander the Great (the Macedonian mad man in history), the German war of Adolf’s Hitler, the Roman wars, narrowing all these down, we came to the horn of African continent which seem to be an epidemic field of conflicts of diverse kinds till date. The giant-lion of African continent, just like the origin of conflict is said to have stated very old in human history, even so in the case of Nigeria, which can be traced to the colonial period of history. Conflict takes different sizes and shapesRead MoreInternal Terrorism in India5989 Words   |  24 PagesCoordinated series of attacks killing at least 172. On 13 February 2010, a bomb explosion at the German Bakery in Pune killed fourteen people, and injured at least 60 more. Jammu and Kashmir Insurgency in Kashmir has existed in various forms, both on the Indian administrated side of the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. Kashmir has been the target of a campaign of militancy by all sides in the conflict. Thousands of lives have been lost since 1989 due to the intensifiedRead MoreIndian Freedom Struggle4375 Words   |  18 PagesINDIAN FREEDOM STRUGGLE Arrival of East India Co in India Shift from traders to Lords Revolt of 1857 Transfer of power from EIC to British Rule Rise of Organized Movement Rise of Indian Nationalism Divide and Rule (Partition of Bengal) Formation of Indian National Congress Jallianwala Baug Massacre Non Co-operation Movement Simon Commission Civil Disobedience Movement Quit India Movement (Second World War and consequences) The East India Company had the unusual distinction of ruling an entire countryRead MoreIron and Steel Industry11487 Words   |  46 Pagesbackbone of human civilisation. It is a product of a large and technologically complex industry having strong forward and backward linkages in terms of material flows and income generation. With regards to Indian Economy it is one of the most energy intensive sectors. Increase in productivity can be achieved through cleaner technologies and manufacturing process which will help in merging Economic, Social and Environmental Objectives. Many companies in the past many years have undergone mergers and acquisitionsRead Moreâ€Å"Role of Government in Financial Inclusion†4322 Words   |  18 PagesA RESEARCH PAPER ON â€Å"ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION† Submitted By: Hemali Shah (MPM: 2nd Semester) ABSTRACT: Financial inclusion means a group of people should take part in growth activities and help to increase economic growth of the country. We cannot say that financial growth has been achieved by opening a bank account, granting huge loan to a single person and closing the account. First, many people have to open an account in a bank, save money regularly so that loans to needy peopleRead MoreIndia of My Dreams2937 Words   |  12 Pagesits own history. A lot of progress has been made on various fronts. There have been short comings in our planning as well as its implementation. However when we notice other counties, who also achieved independence around the same time, we feel we are much better placed. Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. It provides employment to over 60 percent of the countrys work force and it accounts for over quarter of Indias gross domestic product. It also contributes substantially to export tradeRead MoreInternational Capital Movement12205 Words   |  49 Pageshas posed new challenges for monetary and exchange rate management. The present paper elaborates on various aspects of the capital inflows to India and their policy implications. CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION Foreign capital has significant role for every national economy, regardless of its level of development. For the developed countries it is necessary to support sustainable development. For the developing countries, it is used to increase accumulation and rate of investments to

Allergies and other type of immune hypersensitivities Free Essays

Allergies and other type of immune hypersensitivities are important undesirable side effect of our immune system. These problems occur in people who have a specific allergic tendency. Anyone suffering from allergy can take comfort that there are over 50 million fellow American sufferers of this problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Allergies and other type of immune hypersensitivities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Roughly one in 6 American is afflicted with allergic problem. Fortunately, in very few people allergic condition can become life threatening. In most allergy sufferers problems due to allergy appear to be trivial such as runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, sinus problem, rash and skin complaints but these otherwise minor problems can make the allergy sufferers lives quite miserable. Our immune system, essential for defending our bodies against foreign organisms, produces antibodies and activated white cells to attack invaders like viruses and bacteria. Occasionally, the immune response results in an inappropriate or exaggerated reaction called hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity is classified into four types; Types I, II, III and IV. Types I to Type III hypersensitivities are antibody-mediated while Type IV is a cell mediated hypersensitivity. Type II III are Immunoglobulin G (IgG) mediated while Type I sensitivity is Immunoglobulin E mediated. The term ‘Allergy’ is confined to IgE mediated reactions or Type I hypersensitivity [Levinson, 2004] . Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is our body’s host defense system against certain parasites such as worms. In developed countries, where parasitic infection is uncommon, most people have no or very low level of IgE. An allergic reaction or allergy occurs when our body’s immune system mistakenly considers a harmless substance, called ‘allergen’ as dangerous and starts producing IgE to trigger an allergic reaction [Levinson, 2004]. Types of Allergies Allergic Rhinitis: This type of allergy causes swelling of nasal mucosa with respiratory discomforts like sneezing and runny nose by inhaling allergens such as pollen, molds, dust, dander and other allergens. Allergic Conjunctivitis: The allergic reaction affects the eyes, redness and itching are the signs of this allergy. Bronchoconstriction: Wheezing and shortness of breath caused by narrowing of bronchial cavities. Asthma is a serious type of bronchoconstriction. This type of allergy is also caused dust, pollen, mites, and other allergens. Ear Allergies: The allergens affect ear passages causing pain and impairing hearing. Skin Allergies: Itchy rashes, blisters, hives, and contact dermatitis caused by touching certain substances such a poison ivy or food items are manifestation of this type of allergy. In allergies where swelling occurs as a result of hives, swelling can cause breathing and swallowing difficulties. Food Allergies: Certain kind of foods, such as fish egg, nuts and milk can cause intestinal upsets due to allergic reactions. Time Delayed Allergies: An allergic response appearing hours or days after application or absorption of an allergen; including contact dermatitis and bacterial allergy [Allergies, 2006] Anaphylaxis: This is the most severe systemic allergic reaction causing bronchoconstriction, swelling of body tissues, vomiting, cramps, skin reactions and drop in blood pressure, coma and even death [Guyton Hall, 2006]. Allergy can also be classified on the basis of its effect and allergen as: ? Respiratory Allergies ? Skin Allergies ? Food Allergies ? Asthma ? Drug Allergies ? Sting Allergies Causes Risk Factors Problems with normal immune responses are believed to be the result of both genetic and environmental factors. Children of allergic parents are more likely to have similar allergies though the allergens may differ. [Allergies, 2006] Genetic research is leading scientists to believe that skin and tissue specific genes may be responsible for causing allergy symptoms [NIH, 2000]. Stress and anxiety are acknowledged a common cause of allergic reaction. [Lenzoff, 1997] subjected patients suspected of multiple chemical sensitivities concluded that in some sufferers allergy symptoms might be triggered by their perception of an environmental insult. Increasing use of chemicals has resulted in introduction of new toxins into the atmosphere. The increase in number of allergy cases during the last decades is often attributed to atmospheric pollution [Bornehag et al, 2004]. Better identification of problem as allergy and not other minor condition such as cold is perhaps also responsible for increased numbers. Allergy or Cold A number of symptoms of common cold are also the symptoms of allergy. It is not unusual to mistake one for the other. The major difference between the cold and flu are [Allergy, 2006b]: – Both cold and allergy show the common symptoms of allergy but the cold is also accompanied by fever and pain. – Allergy begins immediately after exposure to the allergen while cold takes a day or more to develop to full strength. – Cold is a self terminating diseases and the symptoms disappear in 3 to 7 days while allergies continue till the person remains exposed to the allergen Allergens The body’s immune system has the capability to attack a foreign organism. If it identifies a substance such as pollen as foreign, even mistakenly, the defense mechanism comes into action and IgE is produced to fight off that particular substance. Thus, there will be separate IgE for pollen and for dust allergies. There are many allergens as any person could be allergic to a common substance, which is not an allergen to others, but the common allergens include pollen and fungus from weeds, grasses. Trees and outdoor mold, dog and cat dander, dust particles, noxious vapors and smog, foods such as fish, eggs, nuts and insect bites. Signs Symptoms In addition to the usual sneezing, runny nose, rashes allergy and red or itchy eyes symptoms include atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, headache, earache, hives, coughing, sinusitis, and other discussed above. Medical Tests Diagnosis Methods/Tools The diagnostic tests for Allergy include: †¢ Skin Prick Test (SPT) †¢ Total IgE Test †¢ Range of Specific IgE Test †¢ Phadiatop Assay †¢ Specific IgE Pediatric Food Mix fx5 Skin Prick Test: Skin prick test is a common and simple method of diagnosing allergy. In this test small amount of suspected allergens are injected either intra-dermally or into the scratching made in the patient’s skin. Patient allergic to any of the allergen shows a visible inflammation after half an hour. Skin Prick Test (SPT) only responds to allergens used in the test. In cases where patient is allergic to any other allergen, this test will not show. Some patients with delayed type hypersensitivity may be adversely affected by the test. Total IgE Test: Patient serum IgE test is another method used for determining Type I hypersensitivity. The test provides useful indication for allergy. This test however is not considered conclusive. The test measures total IgE value and is said to be only to report existence of allergy 60% of the time [Labspec, 2006]. The extent of symptoms and type of allergy has an effect on the result. Severe skin allergy shows a higher IgE value than rhinitis or conjunctivitis. [Labspec, 2006] also point out that Standard IgE values appear to vary with ethnicity of the patient. Range of Specific IgE Test: Some diagnostic suppliers are manufacturing specific IgE test for allergens. Specific tests for over 400 allergens are available. Some of these specific tests have been approved for routine tests, other are awaiting approval. [Labspec, 2006] Phadiatop Assay: Instead of testing total IgE or specific test for a single allergen, this test tests serum for a wide range of inhalant allergens. The test is said to be 95% reliable and can be used to exclude allergens included in Phadiatop assay. Specific IgE Pediatric Food Mix fx5 His test is similar to Phadiatop Assay, but instead of inhalant allergens, ingestant allergens are tested. This test is still in approval stages for general laboratory use. Treatment Options Many people with mild allergies avoid seeking medical help, but it is important to know that allergies if left untreated can develop into serious health problems like infections in sinuses, throat and ears, chronic respiratory problems, skin problems such as eczema. The treatment Options for allergies include: †¢ Avoid allergen environment and/or food †¢ Over the counter medication (histamines) †¢ Prescription drugs nasal drops, †¢ Allergy shots †¢ Allergy Drops †¢ Immunotherapy †¢ Alternate Therapies Once a person knows the substance that causes allergy, the best treatment is to avoid that substance. However avoiding allergen is not always possible as it is not possible to breathe. Food allergens can be easily avoided [When Should I Get Medical Treatment for Allergy, 2006] . In a very large number of cases of mild allergy over the counter medication is all one needs to relieve the symptoms. It is important to consult a doctor for over the counter medicine too, as some of these medicines if used excessively can cause serious side effects. Most of the histamines cause drowsiness. Antihistamines and decongestants relieve the symptoms of most allergy sufferers. Again, a physician’s advice should be sought. Many new antihistamines relieve the symptoms of allergy without causing drowsiness. In sinus congestion, nasal sprays available on prescription provide quick relief from symptoms of allergy. Allergy shots prevent the allergen from being recognized as a foreign body. This treatment is becoming very popular. Sublingual drops also known as sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) is an alternate to allergy shots and has the same principle of desensitization. Oral application of SLIT is also considered convenient by the patients. Those interested in alternative medicine often recommend several alternate therapies. Dietary supplements are said to increase health of immune system and prevent allergies. The other alternative medicines are beyond the scope of this paper. [Allergies, 2006a] provides several references to alternative treatment websites. Anaphylaxis must be considered a medical emergency and immediate medical help must be sought as it can cause low blood pressure, hyper-constriction, coma and even death. Prevention Methods The best prevention is to avoid the allergen responsible for causing the allergy. Cross the counter medicine approved by a patients physician may also be used before coming into contact with allergens. In view of the number of sufferers, various equipments such as vacuum cleaners, humidifiers, beddings and air purifiers are available in the market to control domestic allergens. A physician may be able to advice about prevention methods about other specific allergies. Bibliography 1. Allergies, (2006a), Alternative Allergy Treatment Options, [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://allergies. about. com/od/alternatives/Alternative_Allergy_Treatment_Options. htm 2. Allergies, (2006b), [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www. med-help. net/Allergies. html 3. Allergy, (2006), What is Allergy, [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www. setel. com/~allergy/Products/allergy 4. Bornehag C, Sundell J, Weschler C, Sigsgaard T, Lundgren B, Hasselgren M, Hagerhed-Engman L (2004). â€Å"The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: a nested case-control study. † Environ Health Perspective 112 (14): 1393-7. 5. Guyton, AC, and Hall, JE, (2006), Textbook of Medical Physiology-11th Edition, Published by Elsevier, Pa. , ISBN 13-81-8147-920-3 6. LabSpec, Allergy Diagnostic Tests, (2006) [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www. labspec. co. za/diag. htm 7. Levinson, W. , (2004), Medical Microbiology Immunology, 8th Edition, McGraw Hill Companies, ISBN 0-07-143199-3 8. Leznoff. A. , (1999), Provocative challenges in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity, J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997 Apr; 99 (4):438-42 9. NIH- National Institute of Health/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), (2000), International Team Accelerates Investigation of Immune-Related Genes, [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www3. niaid. nih. gov/news/newsreleases/2000/ihwg. htm 10. When Should I Get Medical Treatment for Allergies? , (2006) [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://health. howstuffworks. com/allergy-treatments-ga1. htm How to cite Allergies and other type of immune hypersensitivities, Papers

Factors Contributing Benefit Realization †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Factors Contributing Benefit Realization? Answer: Introduction Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) can be considered to be one of the most important developments in the area of corporate information system. The related benefits of execution and use of ERP system aid in illustrating the business interest in this type of systems. Majority of the advantages attached to this system arises from the specific structure of the corporation, procedure of work, assimilation of both operational as well as administrative actions, organizational development stemming from worldwide system of standardization of different work practices that is again backed by technology. Executing the ERP technology can be regarded as a considered to be very difficult and at the same time costly process of experiment for the corporation. The execution of ERP can be considered as the worlds largest testing in business alteration for majority of the corporations. Purposes of several corporations were to make an effort towards standardization and homogeneity of corporate informatio n system. Nevertheless, there has been predominance of business requirements that laid down the fundamentals that assists in approaching the related large-scale arrangements. Fundamentally, ERP SAPM can be considered as an important enterprise resource planning (ERP) software that integrates the important business operations of the corporation. Essentially, Germany Corporation builds up the software and this SAP can be regarded as a market leader in delivering enterprise resource arrangement as well as service solutions. As such, the legacy system of the corporation is reinstated by ERP that has now become a factory benchmark of sector. Furthermore, this is perceived by several large corporations both in public and private segments as a specific form of business computation. Umar (2016) asserts that ERPM can be regarded as a global configurable package of system of information that helps in the process of assimilation of functional areas along with information based procedures within a specific corporation. Again, this also helps in seamless integration of all the information flow within corporations by assimilation of information based procedures that ar e both within as well as across several segments in corporations namely, finance, accounting, marketing, manufacturing as well as distribution. Sun et al. (2015) mentions that the small as well medium scale enterprises have ever more implemented the system of ERP that have helped in delivering tailored products and contributed to the overall accomplishment of business Successful execution of the ERP system assists in bringing considerable advantages to the corporation since they have the ability to enhance the productivities as well as efficiencies of the corporation. Nevertheless, execution of ERP SAP also contains certain intricacies and this leads to huge outlay of capital, extended period of execution and proneness to failure (Sharma and Gupta 2014). Essentially, corporations executing the ERP system have the need to systematically analyse the advantages along with the cost related to the entire system. Detailed Discussion: There are humongous number of research papers, journal articles and conference papers related to the process of valuation, selection along with the execution of the system of ERP. Illustration of different advantages of ERP SAP arrangement portrays that this kind of benefits are reported and at the same time advocated by diverse consultants as well as vendors of ERP (Seo 2013). Essentially, evaluation of the performance of ERP arrangement after the process of implementation helps in comprehending the related advantages of the system. Figure: Enterprise solutions value: Source: Ripamonti et al. (2016) As rightly mentioned by Ripamonti et al. (2016), there are essentially three different means or ways that can helpm in attaining the advantages from the execution of the ERP arrangement. This process involves integration of the data, system of information assimilation and the procedures among diverse units of organization and processes of business operations. However, certain fundamental operational advantages of ERP system is decrease in the cycle time as well as cost. Again, various prior studies also suggest that the execution of this kind of system assists in escalating the overall volume of operations, increasing the speed of the process by automation of transactions and substitutions of labour. Ram et al. (2014) suggests that the project based corporations are offered the benefits of lessening the number of errors, duplication and enhancement of the responsiveness to diverse requirements of customers. This in turn helps in the process of retention of customers and thereby leads to enhancement of overall productivity. Certain supplementary advantages offered by the arrangement of SAP ERP also help in reduction of risks of business encountered by corporations. Senior officials along with project managers also helps in management of the business resources in an improved manner by utilizing system capacity of particular built in data evaluation that directly assists in handling and string of data in a specific centralized database. Corporations also attain strategic advantages by execution of this kind of systems and this can be regarded as cost leadership, innovation, grouping and differentiation. In addition to this, the standardized as well as assimilated application design of ERP system also assists in the process of reduction of cost of information technology, ensuring flexibility of business for upcoming as well as present alterations (Nagpal et al. 2015). This also aids in the process of backing the infrastructure and directing towards economic executi on of new applications. Important factors that affect the benefit realisation of SAP ERP Ram et al. (2014) suggests that majority of transnational corporations together with different small as well as medium sized enterprises have started the process of execution of SAP ERP arrangement. All the way through the world, corporations have started to implement the new arrangement of ERP systems also referred to as the SAP. Nevertheless, these corporations also utilize analogous system of ERP and they have the inclination of several benefits as well as values together with the certain disadvantages by detecting facets that direct the way towards improper managing of the system. Certain specific aspects contribute towards the procedures by advantages realising of the SAP ERP arrangement. Despite this fact, there are also numerous benefits of the system that includes substantial capital investment and increased profits of the corporation and execution of ERP system (Nagpal et al. 2015). Certain related downside of this specific system includes increased financial budget, delay i n the process of execution of the system. In essence, ERP can be considered as one of the most popular systems related to management of business that helps in delivering the corporation with numerous benefits of attaining time capabilities and sustaining favourable communication. There are specific factors that help in the process of clarifying specific consideration of corporation for the implementation of the system. The factors necessarily include user training as well as involvement, software design, control of project, maintenance of organizational fit and plan of technology (Kale 2014). Huang and Handfield (2015) mentions that one of the widely utilized and popular systems specified in the literature of benefits management is essentially the Benefits Realization Cranfield Process Model. However, the main component that is used for realization of the benefits of this particular model is the network of beneficiary dependency. Related facets are taken into account in this specific model for the purpose of realization of different benefits. In this case, the structure of model is developed in a specific manner that helps in the process of achievement of goals of investments and advantages ensuing from link in particular structural manners associated to business corporations as per the necessities of business. Figure: Models of realization of benefit: (Source: Hejazi et al. 2014). Effectual realization of advantages of ERP system includes different barriers that can be acquired by utilizing benefit management models (Holub and Bruckner 2016). Again, models consist of different factors that include deficiency of change management, lack of discipline, misplacement of ownership benefits, lack of support, inappropriate utilization of available resources and poor management applications. However, one of the important issues in the process of execution of system of ERP is the intricacies of the entire nature of technology that are encountered together with the homogeny and compatibility. Moreover, there are also specific issues that arise from human resources and this includes resistance of workers towards alteration, culture of corporation, incompatibility of business procedures and management of commitment towards any specific project (Hejazi et al. 2014). Businesses Case for implementation of ERP SAP The business case on implementation of SAP ERP can be assessed with special reference to the operations of Nestle. In essence, Nestle SA is a multinational food as well as drink corporation, situated in Switzerland. The business concern decided to leverage its entire size during the year 2000 and in this context decided to sign an agreement with particularly SAP for introducing the ERP system in eighty different nations across the world. However, an additional amount of approximately $80 million was expended by the corporation for improvement and maintenance of the entire system. However it was realized by the business concern that in case if the corporation intended to be competitive there is requirement for standardization of processes of business. As such, execution of the specific system includes financials namely SAP.com, management of production, handling accounts payables as well as receivables, procurement together with planning (Gordon and Dyer 2014). Execution of the ERP ar rangement has already been undertaken by the company in the United Kingdom branch of operations. Particularly, this was carried out prior to the process of execution in SA. Again, British subsidiary of the company executed SAP R/3 over the 5 year period. Essentially, this can be regarded as the largest arrangement of ERP executed with more than 6000 users. Objectives of the corporation for the process of execution were primarily associated to the process of tightening the entire supply chain, leveraging the size of the organization and re-engineering of procedures along with work practices. Yet another aspect of execution of SAP ERP implementation included execution of own SAP ERP projects in USA that in turn led to the excellence of business by means of system technology. In addition to this, there was also execution of 5 different SAP modules that was present throughout the entire course of 6 years. In essence, unification was necessarily one of the primary objectives behind the p rocess of execution of this system of ERP (Bradford 2015). Corporation has roughly 28 points of customer entry along with nine-journals before the execution of the specific system. Primarily, the objective of this system was to lessen the number of customer entry points to one. However, for all the segments, the goal of execution of the system was analogous. Moreover, ERP was necessary for controlling and centralizing data for making reporting financials as well as forecasting more precise and reliable. Essentially both during and before the process of execution, competitive limitation was existent. Again, execution of such kind of system also assisted in the process of thriving in the worldwide economy and becoming more effectual (Bradds et al. 2017). Business case on Adidas Australia: Adidas can be considered to be a worldwide leader in a sports sector and is a highly recognized and well-known corporation. Again, a single storehouse of Adidas is operated in particularly Mulgrave, Victoria that again aided in distributing the sports apparel and sporting products to retailers across Australia. The company invested a considerable amount for enterprise wide implementation of the SAP R/3 arrangement of the system of ERP. In this case, the Australian Office was initially the first to execute this kind of system. Execution of SAP in specifically Australia was primarily associated to functionality of management of storehouse for diverse footwear products and clothing, handling of data as regards size, colour along with style. Moreover, one of the vital sections of operation of the corporation was warehousing, however, inclusion was essentially the main priority of the corporation (Barkhi and Kozlowski 2017). As such, management of Adidas recognized some of the basic needs that included utilization of wireless and handless devices for the purpose of acquirement of data mechanically. Furthermore, a requirement for flexibility was also detected for accommodation of future alterations into the specific system and particularly for the purpose of future growth. Basically, the key to internal inventory administration and efficient logistics is necessarily the functionality of acquiring data faultlessly. For the purpose of acquiring solution to data acquirement process, the corporation has adjusted to process of (Data System International). Essentially, some of the operations of the system contains zone picking execution for operating with the specific infrastructure of management of material. This also includes communication regarding operation of warehouses into the specific SAP arrangement. Akhtar (2016) mentioned that development tailored to the needs or requirements of business help in execution of DSI. This also includes assimilation of data between h andheld radio frequency instruments and wireless instruments. Again, transactions of SAP also includes superior movement, put ways, process of cycle counting, arrangement of dispatch, procedure of zone picking as well as replacement (Akagic and Hodzic 2014). There is also certain processes that include value added label price, procedure of tagging of security at diverse offsite location that was also contained by initiating the solution of DSI related to the consignment note printing as well as despatching specific label. Again, corporation has also updated the process of installation of SAP. Again, mobility software was also offered by DSI that helped business in undertaking their operational actions and provided accessibility to data on any type of instruments (Ahmadi et al. 2015). Again, SAP functions were also enhanced by the function of the dClink that essentially aided in maintaining regulations of occupational health as well as safety. Particularly, this also includes replenishments from specifically bulk practices to pickface. However, with the process of upgradation of the SAP during the year 2013 that subsequently led to the further expansion of the solution that involved roll-in of Adidas operating in Australia. Business Case on Oilco Australia: Oilco is a well-known marketer as well as refiner of a wide range of petroleum based products in the country Australia. The corporation also possesses assets worth roughly AUD 2 billion and employs around 200 people. This shows that this company is one of the major industrial corporations that enjoys substantial share of the market in Australia. Oilco is essentially a subsidiary of major transnational oil firm in the globe. Oil industry witnessed rising competition and underwent important restructuring throughout the world during the 80s. In order to gain competitive advantage in this competitive market, Oilco enhanced the customer service, assimilated mechanization procedures and facilitated the restructuring of designed business. Management of the organization Oilco selected the mainframe support solution for attaining the necessities of the business. The management of the business introduced a process of business by execution of a system that can help in aligning with then process ing mechanisms of ERP (Ahmad and Cuenca 2013). Again, Oilco also intended to restructure the present business process and at the same time maximised the benefits from assimilation of ERP. Simultaneously, management also detected the alterations in the procedure of business. Application of ERP arrangement has been operative for around 5 years now. Essentially, application of the ERP system has helped the company to enhance the process of sales forecasting, restructuring business procedures, automation of the process of delivery, techniques of ordering, processing of real time data and augmenting the same (Agarwal 2016). Business Case on Cadbury Management of Cadbury undertook one of the largest worldwide ERP implementation programs in recent years and executed the SAP. This process of implementation was carried out by Kraft that necessarily credited the entire system with reduced cost of business. Solutions for Data management were also thereafter added further by SAP. Huge number of chocolate bars was developed after installation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) was employed by the corporation. Application of ERP delivered several benefits to the business concern that include alteration of the system of warehouse management and helped in developing the strengths that can subsequently assist the same in remaining competitive (Ahmad and Cuenca 2013). Business Case on Grupo Modelo and Corona Extra: Grupo Modelo assumed an grand project for becoming a process based organization that can help in ensuring consistency of both rules as well as processes globally. Businesses acquire better insight into the operations by standardization of the processes across different segments of business that includes convenience stores, diverse centres of distribution as well as breweries. The business concern applied of the solution of the SAP during the year 2012 with the aim of risk management, management of corporate governance and management of legislation (Ahmad and Cuenca 2013). The management of the company implemented the SAP to function with the existing ERP SAP arrangement with main concentration on the control of the process and management of risk. However, enumerating and constant monitoring of risk of the corporation from a distinct dashboard involve difficulties. Corona Extra is referred to as one of the major premium beer that has a market share of around 4.2%. The main aim of the corporation is to bring into line the internal business processes across the business for changing the corporation into a process oriented one. The management of the corporation was of the view that this could be done by application of the SAP system for different risks, system of compliance as well as governance. The related advantages from the application of the system include maintenance of control in different projects, reduction in conflicts stemming from segregation of duties, maintenance of control of several pending tasks, smoothening of the process of decision making by way of proper monitoring of risks by means of a lone dashboard (Akagic and Hodzic 2014). Furthermore, the management was also of the opinion that application of the Access Control of SAP (10) would assist in the process of reduction of the conflicts of mitigation of risks. Business Alignment and the system of ERP: Application of the ERP calls for the need of alignment of business and particularly ERP namely SAP. Owing to steady changes in specifically the technological as well as business environment it is difficult to attain alignment between processes of business and the system application. Nevertheless, realization of benefits is constantly aligned with the business processes and stratagems of corporations with system of ERP (Akagic and Hodzic 2014). Employing ERP can be considered to be a high risk and at the same time a highly costly venture. Essentially, a business concern is capable of arriving at feasible decision regarding risks, costs as well as benefits of implementation of this specific system in diverse stages of operations. It can be hereby said that a business entity can acquire greater advantages during the long term and further investment is necessary in case of iterative approach of realization of advantages (Akhtar 2016). Conclusion In conclusion it can be hereby mentioned that it is obligatory for businesses to streamline and restructure the business processes in todays competitive business environment. This reframing of processes can help in reduction of cost, enhancement of profit as well as productivity and attainment of flexibility. Primary objective of ERP solution is incorporation of data of both across as well as within the processes of business that can assist the business to attain higher value from system. Business concerns employ the system of ERP for managing all the intricacies of undertaking business. However, one of the most intricate issues related to the process of employment of the system of SAP ERP is review the benefits and limitations that are encountered by business. Essentially, advantages can be acquired in from the perspective of globalization whilst taking into consideration individuals in the management along with the shareholders of businesses. Implementation of this system help busi ness concerns to compete internationally and system facilitate the process of addressing different financial, legal together with compliance related issues. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the business concerns need to take into account certain vital critical success facets whilst applying the system of SAP ERP. Review of the literature obtained from different sources also help in understanding the fact that the application of ERP proved to be successful in certain corporations while many business entities encountered failures. SAP ERP Implementation in majority of corporations was chiefly because of the facets that aided entities to remain competitive and mitigate different business challenges. References Agarwal, S., 2016. Time Management with SAP ERP HCM-SAP HR. Ahmad, M.M. and Cuenca, R.P., 2013. Critical success factors for ERP implementation in SMEs. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 29(3), pp.104-111. Ahmadi, S., Papageorgiou, E., Yeh, C.H. and Martin, R., 2015. Managing readiness-relevant activities for the organizational dimension of ERP implementation. Computers in Industry, 68, pp.89-104. Akagic, A. and Hodzic, E., 2014. Soft computing increasing efficiency of extracting data from SAP ERP. Southeast Europe Journal of Soft Computing, 3(2). Akhtar, J., 2016. Production Planning and Control (SAP PP) with SAP ERP. Barkhi, R. and Kozlowski, S., 2017. ERP in the Classroom: Three SAP Exercises Focused on Internal Controls.Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting,14(1), pp.77-83. Bradds, N., Hills, E., Masters, K., Weiss, K. and Havelka, D., 2017. Accentra: Thrashing through ERP.Information Systems Education Journal,15(2), p.60. Bradford, M., 2015.Modern ERP: select, implement, and use today's advanced business systems. Lulu. com. Gordon, M. and Dyer, J.N., 2014. Six Rules for Implementation of the General Ledger in SAP ERP.International Journal of Business Research,14(1), p.7. Hejazi, S.S., Halpin, A.L. and Biggs, W.D., 2014. Using SAP ERP technology to integrate the undergraduate business curriculum.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,30. Holub, I. and Bruckner, T., 2016. Measuring complexity of SAP systems.Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, (8), pp.60-67. Huang, Y.Y. and Handfield, R.B., 2015. Measuring the benefits of ERP on supply management maturity model: a big data method.International Journal of Operations Production Management,35(1), pp.2-25. Kale, V., 2014.Implementing SAP CRM: The Guide for Business and Technology Managers. CRC Press. Nagpal, S., Khatri, S.K. and Kumar, A., 2015, May. Comparative study of ERP implementation strategies. InSystems, Applications and Technology Conference (LISAT), 2015 IEEE Long Island(pp. 1-9). IEEE. Ram, J., Wu, M.L. and Tagg, R., 2014. Competitive advantage from ERP projects: Examining the role of key implementation drivers.International Journal of Project Management,32(4), pp.663-675. Ripamonti, S.C., Ripamonti, S.C., Galuppo, L. and Galuppo, L., 2016. Work transformation following the implementation of an ERP system: An activity-theoretical perspective.Journal of Workplace Learning,28(4), pp.206-223. Seo, G., 2013.Challenges in implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in large organizations: similarities and differences between corporate and university environment(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Sharma, A. and Gupta, S., 2014, February. Identifying the role of ERP in enhancing operational efficiency and supply chain mobility in aircraft manufacturing industry. InIssues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 330-333). IEEE. Sun, H., Ni, W. and Lam, R., 2015. A step-by-step performance assessment and improvement method for ERP implementation: Action case studies in Chinese companies.Computers in Industry,68, pp.40-52. Umar, M., Khan, N., Agha, M.H. and Abbas, M., 2016. SAP-ERP implementation: Change management model using qualitative approach.International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (IJCSNS),16(6), p.9.

The Catcher In The Rye 3 Essay Example For Students

The Catcher In The Rye 3 Essay Sometimes characters can allow a strong feeling or emotion todominate their lives.;Holden allows the strong feelings and emotions of death, society, schooland innocence to dominate his life. Holden is a very sensitive boy who can notignore his problems, instead he dwells on them. These feelings and emotionsare dominant because Holden believes strongly in them. The strong negative feelings that Holden has for his school and itscommunity are present because of its concern for an image. When students donot put in they are expelled to keep the schools high academic rating, This isrepresented when Holden says I got the axe. They give guys the axe quitefrequently at Pencey.; he does not like this as it does not allow students to beindividuals and be who they really want to be. Another reason Holden dislikesschool so much is because the way teachers have an unfair authority over theirstudents. Mr Spencer used his authority when he read out Holdens paper. We will write a custom essay on The Catcher In The Rye 3 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now holden thought this was rude and said I dont think Ill ever forgive him forreading me that crap out loud. I wouldntve read it out loud to him if hedwritten it I really wouldnt.;Holden is not fond of the society that he lives in. It is a superficialsociety that worships the movies and actors because they portray a type ofliving that seems wonderful, although it is very false. Holden does not like themovies, he views them as a world that people wish they could be in. Anexample of this is when Holden says If there is one thing I hate, its themovies.; Holden also dislikes the actors. He feels that they do not act likecommon people instead they act more like they knew they were celebrities;and that annoyed him because he can not understand why people admire themso much. He thinks that actors are shallow and create an even biggermisconception on life. Holdens way to cope with society is to wear his redhunting hat in public. This is a way for him to demonstrate that he is differentand that he will not conform to the way society and people want him to. This isshown when he calls his hat a people shooting hat;. Holden feels that societyis too concerned with materialism and appearance and he does not want to beea part of it and this is why he wears his red hunting hat. The death of Holdens bother has effected him tremendously. WhenAllie died Holden revealed to us that he broke all the windows in the garage;with his bare fists. When Holden felt lonely he would think of Allie, this isrepresented when Holden is walking down a street and at the end of everyblock he would say ; Allie, dont let me disappear. Please Allie.; Anotherreason why death dominates Holdens life is because Allie is one of the fewpeople he actually likes. When Pheobe told him angrily that Allie was deadHolden said ;Just because somebodys dead, you dont just stop liking them,for Gods sake especially if they were about a thousand times nicer than thepeople you know thatre alive and all.;Trying to maintain peoples innocence is something that Holden stronglybelieves in. It is a quality that he thinks people should never lose and go into afalse and deceptive world. Holden especially wants to stop children fromentering this world and because of this Holden said that if children are runn ingon a cliff and they dont look where theyre going I have to come out fromsomewhere and catch them. Thats all Id do all day.I know its crazy, butthats the only thing Id really like to be.; He wants to be the person whomakes them see that the world is a hypocritical place to belong to and that theyshould try to avoid it as much as they can. This shows us how strongly Holdenfeels about preserving peoples innocence and individuality. .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 , .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 .postImageUrl , .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 , .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49:hover , .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49:visited , .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49:active { border:0!important; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49:active , .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49 .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6aebaaee3d1b54c53ae25b808f65fb49:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The character traits of macbeth EssayThe feelings and emotions that Holden allows to dominate his life are allimportant to him, which is expressed during the novel. Holden allows them todominate because they are something that he believes strongly in, even thoughthey bring back bad memories and things he is not fond of.

Visiting the Johnson Houston Space Center

Visiting the Johnson Houston Space Center Every NASA mission is controlled from the Johnson Space Center (JSC)   in Houston, Texas. Thats why you often hear astronauts on orbit call out Houston. when theyre communicating to Earth.   JSC is more than just mission control; it also houses training facilities for the astronauts and mockups for future missions.   As you can imagine, JSC is a popular place to visit. To help visitors get the most out of their trip to JSC, NASA worked with the Manned Space Flight Education Foundation to create a unique visitor experience called Space Center Houston.  Its open most days of the year and offers a lot in the way of space education, exhibits, and experiences. Here are a few of the highlights, and you can learn more at the centers website.  Heres what to do at the Johnson Space Center in Houston.   Space Center Theater People of all ages are fascinated with what it takes to be an astronaut. This attraction shows the excitement, the commitment and the risks taken by the people who fly in space. Here we can see the evolution of the equipment and the training of the men and women who dreamed to be astronauts. We want guests to experience first hand what it takes to be an astronaut. The film, shown on a 5-story tall screen, takes the viewer by the heart to bring them into the life of an astronaut from the time they receive notification of their acceptance into the training program to their first mission. Blast Off Theater The only place in the world where you can personally experience the thrill of launching into space like a real astronaut. Not just a movie; its the thrill of personally feeling the launch into space - from the rocket boosters to the billowing exhaust. After docking at the International Space Station, guests enter the Blastoff Theater for an update on current shuttle missions, as well as details on the exploration of Mars. NASA Tram Tour With this behind-the-scenes journey through NASAs Johnson Space Center, you may visit the Historic Mission Control Center, the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility or the current Mission Control Center. Before returning to Space Center Houston, you can visit the all new Saturn V Complex at Rocket Park. Occasionally, the tour may visit other facilities, such as the Sonny Carter Training Facility or Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory. You may even get to see astronauts training for upcoming missions. Keep in mind that the buildings visited on the tram tour are real working areas of Johnson Space Center and are subject to closure without notice. Astronaut Gallery The Astronaut Gallery is an unparalleled exhibit featuring the worlds best collection of spacesuits. Astronaut John Youngs ejection suit and Judy Resniks T-38 flightsuit are two of the many spacesuits on display. The walls of the Astronaut Gallery also contain portraits and crew photos of every U.S. astronaut who has flown in space. The Feel of Space The Living in Space module simulates what life could be like for astronauts aboard the space station. A Mission Briefing Officer gives a live presentation on how astronauts live in a space environment. It uses humor to show how the smallest tasks like showering and eating are complicated by a microgravity environment. A volunteer from the audience helps to prove the point. Beyond the Living in Space Module are 24 part task trainers that use sophisticated computer technology to provide visitors with the experience of landing the orbiter, retrieving a satellite or exploring the shuttle systems. Starship Gallery The journey into space begins with the film On Human Destiny at the Destiny Theater. Artifacts and hardware on display in the Starship Gallery trace the progression of Americas Manned Space Flight. This incredible collection includes: an original model of the Goddard Rocket; the actual Mercury Atlas 9 Faith 7 capsule flown by Gordon Cooper; the Gemini V Spacecraft piloted by Pete Conrad and Gordon Cooper; a Lunar Roving Vehicle Trainer, the Apollo 17 Command Module, the giant Skylab Trainer, and the Apollo-Soyuz Trainer. Kids Space Place Kids Space Place was created for children of all ages who have always dreamed of experiencing the same things astronauts do in space. Interactive exhibits and themed area make exploring the different aspects of space and the manned space flight program loads of fun. Inside Kids Space Place, guests can explore and experiment commanding the space shuttle or living on the space station. (Age and/or height restrictions may apply on some activities.) Level 9 Tour The Level Nine Tour takes you behind the scenes to see the real world of NASA up close and personal. On this four-hour tour you will see things that only the astronauts see and eat what and where they eat. All your questions will be answered by a very knowledgeable Tour Guide as you discover the secrets that have been kept behind closed doors for years. The Level Nine Tour is Monday-Friday and includes a FREE HOT LUNCH in the astronauts cafeteria which makes it a Big Bang for your buck! The only security clearance is that you must be 14 years of age or older. The Space Center Houston is one of the most worthwhile trips any space fan can make. It combines history and real-time exploration in one fascinating day!   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Tap Water in 42 States Contaminated by Chemicals

Tap Water in 42 States Contaminated by Chemicals Public water supplies in 42 U.S. states are contaminated with 141 unregulated chemicals for which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has never established safety standards, according to an investigation by the Environmental Working Group (EWG). Tainted Tap Water Used by Millions of Americans Another 119 regulated chemicals- a total of 260 contaminants altogether- were found by the environmental group in a two-and-a-half-year analysis of more than 22 million tap water quality tests. The tests, which are required under the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, were conducted at nearly 40,000 utilities that supply water to 231 million people. Pollution Threatens Tap Water Quality According to a report by the EWG, the top 10 states with the most contaminants in their drinking water were California, Wisconsin, Arizona, Florida, North Carolina, Texas, New York, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Illinois- in that order. EWG said the biggest sources of contaminants were agriculture, industry, and pollution from sprawl and urban runoff. Utilities Need More Enforceable Standards for Tap Water EWGs analysis also found that almost all U.S. water utilities comply fully with enforceable health standards once they are developed. The problem, according to the environmental group, is the EPAs failure to establish enforceable health standards and monitoring requirements for many tap water contaminants. Our analysis clearly demonstrates the need for greater protection of the nations tap water supplies, and for increased health protections from a number of pollutants that are commonly found but currently unregulated. said Jane Houlihan, vice president for science at EWG, in a prepared statement. Utilities routinely go beyond what is required to protect consumers from these contaminants, but they need more money for testing, and for protection of vital source waters. Additional Information: Why Is Chlorine Added to Tap Water?Does Fluoride in Tap Water Improve or Harm Your Health?

Articles annotation Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Articles annotation - Annotated Bibliography Example The results indicate that â€Å"within the EFL context in the current Chinese cultural environment, integration may not be a significant factor in motivating language learning effort† (Chen, Warden, & Chang, 2005, p. 622). The importance of incorporating cultural norms and values in the motivational process is deemed crucial for these factors to work and be considered effective in the given situation. The study conducted by Yihong, et.al. (2007) enumerated seven motivation types: â€Å"intrinsic interest, immediate achievement, individual development, information medium, going abroad, social responsibility, and learning situation (p. 133) where â€Å"intrinsic interest was correlated with productive and additive changes, individual development with self-confidence change, social responsibility with productive and split changes† (Yihong, Yuan, Ying, & Yan, 2007, p. 133). The value of the author’s findings is emphasized in terms of focusing both on the language and the learner to enhance the learning process. positive attitudes toward the language and expectations of success were maintained over the period, whereas their attitudes toward the experience of formal learning tended to deteriorate† (Lamb, 2008, p. 1). Several teaching interventions were suggested such as provision of simpler examples, giving positive feedback, and encouraging students to explore other alternative possibilities to enhance learning skills in the English

Tesla Car Fires Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tesla Car Fires - Research Paper Example However, the company’s reputation dwindled in October 2013 when a model S caught fire in Kent, Washington. Investigations into the fire determined that the fire broke out at the car’s battery pack especially after a metal struck the battery pack. The discovery thus portrayed the cars as risky a feature that would later result in a reduction of the company’s market share. Negative reputation hampers the profitability of a business (Burrow & Jim, 2009). As the new marketing consultant, the car manufacturing company requires effective marketing strategy in order to reposition its products strategically in order to rebuild its reputation in order to enjoy its dwindling market share. Key among the marketing activities that the company must undertake is to reconstruct the consumer confidence in the products. Prior to the fires, the American car consumer preferred the company’s products because of its fuel efficiency and low maintenance costs among many other features. Unfortunately, the accidents revealed that the same factors [resented substantial safety concern that resu lted in the dwindling market share. The company carried out an investigation into the fires and made public its findings. Such was a bold undertaking that portrayed the management of the company as integral individuals who care for their consumers. The company must therefore now engage its target market in effective processes meant to rebuild the confidence of the consumers. Key among such is to investigate the cause of fire and address it effectively. This will include recalling all the cars with a similar battery packs. The company must redesign the battery packs and cushion the consumers from similar fires. In fact, the company must reinvent the engine of the car and ensure that the consumers of the products are safe. After redesigning the engine of the car and safeguarding the safety of

Problem Solving and Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Problem Solving and Decision Making Essay Background I work for a company called npower and we are an energy supplier in the UK. Specifically, I work within the Blended Services department and we deal with various types of inbound contact from our customers such as email, letters and telephone calls. I manage a team of 15 people advisors and their role is to effectively deal with customer enquiries that come in via the different methods of contact. Due to the large volumes of correspondence that we have come in, it’s not always practical to respond to customers via a written response and we therefore ask the advisors to call as many customers as possible and resolve their enquiries by phone, this allows the advisors not only deal with the customer’s original enquiry but to also answer any subsequent questions that may arise when they are presented with the answer we give them. Description of the problem When advisors call a customer there are regulations around data protection and also keeping customer contact details up to date that we must adhere to, we refer to these regulations as compliance. This is a very black and white subject, we must be compliant in all we do 100% of the time. The problem that has come to light that in our department, is that our advisors are not 100% compliant 100% of the time. They will fully cover data protection and request up to date contact information on some calls but not others. This presents a problem for the department and me as a manager as well as the advisors in question as these inconsistencies can lead to varying degrees of disciplinary action for the advisors and the company. The impact of this for the advisors is that it can lead to disciplinary action such as informal warnings, up to more formal action such as written warnings and even loss of their job. In extreme cases offending advisors can even face personal fines. As a manager, I then have to consider the potential knock on effects of such action which can include loss of advisor confidence, a reduction in staff morale, and opportunity for progression may be reduced or taken away and all of these in turn may affect an advisors attendance. For me as a manager the concerns are that these actions could affect my time as I am required to carry out investigations in to each case of non-compliance. This is turn could leave other members of my team to feel neglected as my time becomes consumed with investigations and carrying out disciplinary action. Potentially, this could lead to a general loss of morale within my team as a whole and go on to impact their performance. This issue also affects our customers as if we are seen to be breaking such important regulations as data protection, and then this could cause an increase in complaints, damage our customer’s confidence in us as a company, lead to a decrease in customer loyalty and ultimately the loss of their business. From a company point of view the impacts are possibly the greatest. Just a few potential knock on effects from non-compliance are loss of customers, brand damage, legal consequences including large fines and potentially losing out license to trade. Disciplinary action can lead to loss of staff and this brings further impacts such as the time and cost of recruiting and training new staff and all of these could eventually impact our ability to provide a desired service to our customers. Analysis of the problem In trying to identify options to solve the problem of advisors inconsistently adhering to compliance regulations, I first looked at gathering as much information as I could in to how much it was affecting my department and if there were any contributing factors to the problem. I liaised with our quality analysts. The QA team had recently marked a sample of the calls we make within the department and informed me that in the month of September they sampled four calls from each team within the department. This was made up of one inbound call (calls where the customer calls npower) and one outbound call (calls where we call the customer) for two advisors on each team. There are 18 teams so this is 36 advisors that were sampled and scored. The results showed that of the advisors monitored only 69% were fully compliant. This is cause for concern then as the target is 100%. Following on from this, I needed to do further investigation. My time, however, is very valuable and for me to take on such an investigation alone is not feasible. I discussed the problem with my manager and we came up with an idea to help us follow up the results from the QA Teams quality checks. Within our own operations group (5 Teams) we asked each manager to mark two calls for each of their advisor focussing solely on whether or not the advisors were following compliance regulations that we must adhere to. In the first week of October, each manager carried out the quality checks for their teams. The results showed that we were 50% compliant as an operations group. Following these results each manager went out to the advisors that were not following the compliance regulations and gave them a training session as well as an informal warning that this kind of action was not acceptable and that compliance must be adhered to at all times. The managers including myself then left the advisors for a couple of weeks and then went back and completed the same quality checks once more. The second time around we noticed an improvement as we scored 70%. However, we were and still are a long way short of our ultimate goal. Following on from this, I devised what I saw to be a simple yet effective questionnaire that would be completed by a sample group of advisors. The purpose of the questionnaire was to establish possible reasons why the advisors failed to be consistent in regards to meeting compliance when speaking to customers on the telephone. I looked to address such matters as how confident they were that they were personally 100% complaint 100% of the time, were they aware of the tools that npower provide to assist them in being complaint, what barriers they have encountered that make it difficult to be compliant and what do they feel would ensure that they were 100% compliant 100% of the time going forward. The results of the questionnaire showed that the advisors knew what was required of them to be compliant and that they recognised the implications of not being compliant. It also showed that all of the advisors were aware of the various support tools that npower provides them to help with compliance though not all of them used them. This suggests then that the problem of being inconsistent in regards to compliance may be down to advisor attitude or focus but at this point I wanted to avoid making assumptions. With all of this information, I used a simple fishbone to drill down for possible reasons for these inconsistencies. I looked at the following headings and then added the possible reasons: Confidence (lack of) * Inconsistent message * Unclear on what’s expected * Cannot deal with conflict (from customers) * DPA doesn’t feel natural (in call structure) * Situations outside of the norm (3rd party calling on behalf of the customer) Knowledge (lack of) * No or little training (new to business) * Lack of communication (not advised of possible changes) * Inconsistent message (unsure what is correct) Skill * Unsure how to resolve conflict * Not certain how to incorporate data protection in to their call structure * Not able to control a call (allows a customer to drive a conversation, potentially skipping past vital areas for not wanting to interrupt) Attitude/Behaviour * Doesn’t understand potential consequences * Doesn’t like change * Refuses to comply After considering all of the above the potential solutions to my problem could be creating a guide that points out to advisors what they must do to be fully compliant but that isn’t rigid in its delivery so that the advisors can make it their own. Ensuring that the guide and its use is trained out in a clear manner that makes sure there are no questions unanswered. Providing the advisors with additional training to enable them to capably and confidently deal with situations of conflict i.e. if a customer refuses to go through data protection. Finally, making sure that the consequences of non-compliance for both advisors and the company are clearly communicated. Resolution of the problem I went to manager with my findings and stated what I wanted to achieve. I needed the goal to realistic and to be measurable. Remembering that QA Team reported the department to be 69% compliant for the month of September my goal statement was this: * To decrease the compliance fail rate in our department by 15% during the month of November based upon 36 evaluations. In making this statement, I ensured that if would be a fair reflection since it would match the original investigation completed by the QA Team. It’s SMART, because I have a specific goal that can be measured against previous findings. It’s both achievable and realistic as all managers will make numerous quality checks throughout the month and I’m trying to achieve the ultimate goal of 100% compliance but instead make a small but reasonable step towards it and finally, it’s time bound as all steps will be put in place and measured throughout November. Once the goal had been set, my manager and I held a brain storming session to look at possible options to resolve the problem. Further to those I mentioned earlier, we came up with these additional ideas: * Speech Analytics * Scripts for data protection * A specific inbound call team * A specific outbound call team * Feedback, coaching and evaluations * An inbound and outbound call decision making tree * Brief to include what’s expected and what the consequences are for non-compliance * Compliance champs * Compliance tick sheet After we had come up with these various options I went away and decided which would be the best course of action. To help me decide I used a simple Pro’s and Con’s method. I put each of the above options in to a table and then listed what the advantages and disadvantages were. Below, I have just briefly outlined some of the key points for each one. Speech analytics Pros * It saves time (it’s all automated, listening to and identifying key words and phrases in conversations) so managers don’t have to do manual checks. * A large sample is gathered (it pulls data from all recorded calls) therefore the reflection is very accurate. * Reports can easily be pulled, since all data is compiled and exported in excel spread sheet format. Cons * It’s not an immediate solution. Speech analytics for npower is in early testing stages and it’s unlikely to be available for at least another year. * Cost – It’s very expensive to implement and so even to run in a small test environment is currently unlikely. Scripts for data protection Pros * It would clearly set out what needs to be said (no grey area) * Advisors would have something to reference at all times * Can easily be updated when changes occur * Managers could easily cover this in a coaching session Cons * Advisors may not feel it comes across as natural * Advisors may forget to keep it on their desk each day * It would need to be updated with each new change (potentially old ones could be in circulation) * Repeat contact customers would have to go through the exact same process each time and may feel it comes across as robotic Specific inbound/outbound call teams Pros * Advisors would deal with only one call type (one set of compliance regulations, more specialised, less chance of failure) * Becoming specialised may increase confidence Cons * It may not be feasible to have a enough specialised teams to deal with the workload * We would lose multi-skilled advisors, impacting our ability to deal with other work volumes * Specialised teams leave us vulnerable to outside influences such as absence. Compliance Champs Pros * Position of responsibility for trusted advisors * Someone on hand to reference in uncertain situations Cons * Those not chosen may feel disappointed * The cost of taking advisors away from completing work may not be feasible in such a busy time * Having to wait for a ‘Champ’ may impact customer wait times and thus service * Takes ownership and responsibility away from the advisors Compliance Checklist Pros * Advisors already use something similar, so it would be familiar * Advisors could clearly track what they have and haven’t asked * Peace of mind as it states clearly what they must ask * Natural, as it states what they must ask but doesn’t tell them how to do it * Cheap and easy to implement * Easy to amend when changes occur * Advisors can easily keep it with them either paper based or electronically * Puts the responsibility on the advisor * Best use can be coached around Cons * Must be altered with each change (old ones could be left in circulation) * Puts the responsibility on the advisors (must be trusted to use it) After evaluating the options and the pros and cons to each. I decided to go with a compliance checklist. Once I had decided on what I believed to be the best solution I asked myself two important questions, in various decision making models these are also known as Acid Tests 12. Acid Test 1 – If I implement all of my plans for action will my problems be overcome? In considering the answer I thought back to areas that I had identified earlier that linked into the problem of inconsistent compliance. To recap these were things such as: * Advisors were unsure what they should be asking. * They lacked confidence that they were saying all the right things. * They could often miss important information if interrupted by a customer before the compliance checks were complete. * The solution needed to be simple and easy to implement, so that it was clear and simple to train out. The majority of my advisors already use a checklist of sorts to capture the work they complete and how they contacted the customer, by adding compliance prompts to this it creates a visual aid for the advisors reminding them of what they need to ask and it remains in a setting that they find familiar. Also, because the advisors are able to tick off the various requirements as they go along it makes it very clear what must be asked and it’s less likely that they’ll miss things out if they are interrupted as they can simply go back along the list and pick up where they left off. It’s also likely to come across as more natural when the advisors are talking to them customers as well as again it only prompts them with what they need to ask rather than telling them how to say it. Finally, it’s relatively cheap to implement, it isn’t very time consuming to put in place and it’s something that can be done immediately. A copy of the checklist is attached (Appendix A) Acid test 2 – If I get rid of all my problems will I achieve my objectives? Again, the answer should be yes. My solution will give advisors something black and white, that’s clear and easy to understand and familiar to them in their day to day role. This should in turn give them the added confidence when talking to customer’s on the phone. There is, however, a human element. This is that the solution once trained out and implemented, relies upon the advisor taking some ownership and making sure that use it every day even if they feel confident that they are fully compliant. Because this is a personal choice there is no plan that I can implement that will solve this. However, as a company we do have measures already in place to manage this. If an advisor is proven to have the skills and the knowledge to be fully compliant and yet for whatever reason chooses not to, then I or any other manager would need to ensure that this is managed in the proper fashion. Implementation and communication of the solution As previously stated the advisor already usage a data capture sheet in their day to day jobs. I have taken that and added some simple yet clear checklist boxes that prompt the advisors on what they need to be asking when speaking to customers on the telephone. I will start off with a trial in my operations group and then if the desired results are proven then I will discuss with my manager a plan to roll it out to the whole department. I’ll start by holding a small group meeting with my fellow team managers, briefly describing the problem that I’ve been looking in to. I’ll present my solution and tell them how I would like it to be used. The managers including me can then go out to our own teams and deliver the message in a brief team meeting. The compliance checklist will be distributed via email to the managers and advisors alike. This way the advisors can choose to print it off and fill it in manually or they can simply fill in in on their PC’S. This also means that they will always be able to access a copy even if they have to move desks as it will be saved to their email. Following this, I would plan to follow up with some side by side observations. This would be to ensure that the advisors are using the checklist as intended and it also gives me the chance to answer any questions that they may have as well as offer advice and praise where they are doing things well and hopefully begin to build that confidence in their ability back up. As far as monitoring and reviewing of the situation, this should be quite straight forward. I know what the problem is and I have identified a list of causes. I also know clearly what I expect to achieve from the solution. I perform at least one quality check on each of my advisors each week, so these will prove useful when monitoring progress in this area and the results should be clear to see. These quality checks are always given to the advisors as feedback and trends from multiple quality checks are used to build useful coaching sessions. The feedback that I receive from the advisors at this point should also allow me to monitor if they are using my solution as expected and how confident they feel with it. As a department, we also receive daily, weekly and monthly reports. These will enable me to view the progress of the other teams in my operations group to see if they are showing the results that are expected. I will raise the matter for discussion in the weekly operations group meeting and this will allow me to receive feedback from my fellow managers and get their thoughts on what is and potentially isn’t going well. Finally, the QA Team will perform another quality check across a random sample of the department. This will perhaps be the ultimate mark of whether or not my solution has been successful. If so, then there should be a significant increase in the percentage of advisors that pass compliance.

Swot analysis of Tesco plc Essay -- essays research papers

Swot analysis of Tesco plc We all know Tesco as a food retailer, and we know that they are in constant competition with other retailers such as Sainsburys and Asda, yet we do not know much about what goes on beyond the shelves and the tills, the marketing plans and the day to day tactics that have to be devised to stay the number one food retailer in the United kingdom today. I am going to analyse Broughton Parks Tesco and their possible competitors Swot Analysis Firstly, four main goals, under which these particular four are Strengths: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tesco is about a strong UK core business. Last year the industry saw some very marginal growth as a whole, however Tesco continued to grow beyond the market by offering better value for money and through getting cheaper. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To be as strong in non-food as in food. The market for non foods (such as clothes entertainment cleaning products) is worth seventy five billion pounds in the UK today. You can see through the growth of their dot.com business which now has over four hundred and fifty thousand users and is the largest grocery online retailer in the world, and through the success of tescos personal finance with over 1,5 million customers that they are making some real in roads into non foods. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  International growth, Tesco have 30% of their stores outside the United Kingdom and plan to make it 45% by the end of next year, and will be approached through central Europe and trough Asia 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To have the most loyal and committed staff. Tesco as a company uses clear values to underpin what they do. Their core purpose is based on â€Å"Creating value for our customers to earn their life time loyalty?Tesco have invested one billion pounds Tesco believe that one of they offer the best quality on a broad range of products and believe that they offer the best value. They have invested one billion pounds since 1996 on the campaign to reduce prices to customers and that continues to build as they go in to 2004. They offer outstanding customer service, every customer is offered help at the checkout. Location and convenience is another reason to choose Tesco, they have introduced a staggering 200 in the last two years that stay open 24 hours a day and they plan another 1540 new express stores, which are Tesco mini sto... ...onsolidated balance sheet Fixed assets  £m Fixed assets Intangible Assets 154 Intangible Assets Tangible assets 11,032 Tangible assets Investments 317 Investments Total Fixed Assets 11,503 Total Fixed Assets Current assets Current assets Stock 929 Stock Debtors 454 Debtors due within one year Short term investments 225 Short-term investments Cash at bank and in hand 445 Cash at bank and in hand Total Current Assets 2,053 Total Current Assets Creditors -4,809 Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year Working Capital -2,756 Net current assets (liabilities) Total assets less current liabilities 8,747 Total assets less current liabilities Long Term Liabilities -2,741 Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year Provisions for liabilities and charges -440 Provisions for liabilities and charges Net assets 5,566 Net assets Represented by Capital and reserves Ordinary share capital 350 Called-up share capital Share premium 2,004 Share premium Other reserves 40 Other reserves Profit and loss account 3,136 Profit and loss account Ordinary shareholders' funds 5,530 Equity shareholders' funds Minority interests 36 Minority interests Capital Employed 5,566 Total capital employed

1. Carefully Explain the Concept of Economic Meltdown. Answer: the Term Economic Meltdown Is the Going Down of the Rate of Economic Activity of a Country, in the Simplest Term, Economic Meltdown, Could Be Called

1. Carefully explain the concept of economic meltdown. Answer: The term economic meltdown is the going down of the rate of economic activity of a country, in the simplest term, economic meltdown, could be called economic â€Å"Go-slow† just like traffic jam which grind. The first and foremost action that an organization must take is to cut cost, this is because during these tough times, we all must make the utmost effort to save money, take care of expenses such as electricity stationery unnecessary wastage of resources in factories, office and other work places. One would of course face a lot of problem but there are solutions. Again instead of sacking employees, a pay cut of say 11-16% for the employees is a more acceptable solution than carrying off people. The government is required to take action by cutting down taxes so that people will have more money to spend and therefore the economy can come back to track. 2. What are likely the causes and effect of economic meltdown on cost of production in an organization. The likely causes of economic meltdown in cost of production in an organization are: a. The culture of the people within the immediate vicinity as it affects the employees, belief systems, byelaws and traditions. b. The organizational market-share and protection, its financial capabilities, resources availability, credibility and goodwill c. The nations economic position, competition from internal and international organizations, supplies of production equipment and materials. . High rate of importation: this has been a great menace to the production of a company as many commodities are imported and on the long run other economies benefits e. Inflation: The effect of inflation is not distributed evenly in the economy and as a consequence there are short fall of money and goods. The supply of money is a major, but not the only cause of inflation, organization for economic cooperation and development. However, frequent economic meltdown that could not be explained scholar’s though accelerated consumption and production of goods and services. From economic crisis of 2008 (According to the National Bureau of Economic Research) much of the over production turned to cause deflation. f. Poor health. Due to poor animal husbandry production and storage this demand for milk far outstipping supplies use of other potentially harmful chemical. g. Nuclear power: Nuclear waste production transport and cost over runs on nuclear plants due to regulatory issues.

‘Desiree’s Baby’ by Kate Chopin Essay

At a glance, ‘Desiree’s Baby’ published in 1893 By an American writer Kate Chopin, depicts the miscegenation in Creole Louisiana during the antebellum era. The Antebellum period in American history is generally considered to be the period before the civil war and after the war of 1812. The technological advances and religious and social movements of the Antebellum Period had a profound effect on the course of American history, including a population shift from farms to industrial centers, sectional divisions that ended in civil war, the abolition of slavery and the growth of feminist and temperance movements. Though Kate Chopin is known to be a writer of American Realism and naturalism, the story ‘Desiree’s Baby’ is strenuous to classify, because it is extremely short. Kate Chopin often wrote about subjects that were extremely sensitive, and many of them still strike as a nerve in the United States today. In this story Kate Chopin highlights a compelling critique of the class and racial prejudice that permeated the behaviors of Antebellum South. There are many perspectives to the story including racial and ethnic abuse, shades of patriarchy and discrimination by class. There are also political and semiotic panoramas to this story, according to Ellen Peel. In addition, through the relationship between Desiree and Armand, Chopin expounds the precarious status of both those without a family and those of biracial descent. Undoubtedly, the story despite of its brevity, highlights the disruption of meaning. The character mainly responsible fo this disruption is, Desiree. She acts as a synergist to the whole subversion of meaning. The whole political and semiotic perspective, combined together gives the looming shadows of race, sex and class discrimination. According to Ellen Peel, this whole charade of disruption reaches its climax when Desiree, who everyone including her knew as white, gives birth to a baby boy that has shades of black. She is eventually rejected by her husband due to the fact that she belongs to a black race. Later in the story Armand, Desiree’s husband reveals that he himself is black from his mother side.  The story takes place in an antebellum Creole community. Looming shadows of patriarchy, slavery and racism were the accepted and adopted crisis of that era. Everyone had accepted the categorized and distributed system. Racism was at its peak and the worst part about it was that the undermined people had accepted this fact, as mentioned in the story, â€Å"Negroes had forgotten how to be gay, as they had been during the old master’s easy-going and indulgent lifetime.† Furthermore, as Emily Toth has inferred, in the story of the three dualities parallel each other. Clearly, the symbol of the multifaceted society is the character Armand Aubigny. He is self-confident because of some minor yet major facts encapsulating him being white, being a male and being a master over several slaves. In order to get a grip on how this poignant story depicts various perspectives and drawbacks lets follow through the whole story. The tale begins when Madame Valmonde is going Desiree and her newly born baby. On her way, she reminisces about when Desiree herself was a baby. Monsieur had found her asleep at the gateway of Valmonde. Though many people believed that a band of Texans had abandoned her, but Madam Valmonde stuck to the theory that providence sent her this child as she lacked any children of her own. Like a queen and king in a fairy tale, they were delighted by her mysterious arrival and named her Dà ©sirà ©e, â€Å"wished-for one,† â€Å"the desired one.† The beginning of the story points towards no bitterness but a good and happy side to the story. Though the racial and slavery crisis were tremendous but the fact that even the masters of that particular society adopted a homeless child, knowing that she belonged to a black origin, shows signs of kindness and humanity. It also depict the ulterior motives behind adoption, which was the lack of her own children. But neither in the beginning nor in the end, has it ever mentioned the feelings of resentfulness from mother to her daughter or vice versa. Desiree seemed a blessing in disguise for them and they raised her as their own daughte r. Desiree grew up to be beautiful, gentle and affectionate and sincere too. She turned out to be exactly like their perfect daughter. Skipping the eighteen years of Desiree’s life, Chopin has directly jumped to the love part of the story, where Armand Aubigny saw Desiree standing next to the stone pillar of the gateway and he falls in love with her instantly. Although, he had known her for years since first arriving from Paris after his mother’s death. â€Å"That was the way all the Aubignys fell in love, as if  struck by a pistol shot. The wonder was that he had not loved her before; for he had.† This love part of the story, highlights many things. The way it is shown that Armand fell in love with Desiree delineates the male dominance and pride in that society. It also depicts the lack of maturity and a bit ruthlessness in the prescribed culture. Monsieur Valmonde takes a practical approach and wants Armand to get ensure first that Desiree origin was unknown but Armand is so deeply in love with her that he doesn’t care about her origin. He decided that even if she hasn’t a family name, then he would give her his own and soon as depicted in the story, they get married. Living deeply in the roots of a society where slavery and racism is all-in-all, accepting a girl despite of her known origin highlights true signs of love as Armand doesn’t care before marrying whichever origin she belongs to. Another important universal truth and human nature has been highlighted here. Not only in the era of antebellum but since the world has started, it is but human nature to fight for what he truly loves and believe and there are so many examples and incidents in the history which show that once that thing is achieved, a person starts to lose interest in it and that is what is overshadowed by the intensified love. As soon as the story builds up its plot, a major transition is portrayed. Armand, other household staff and eventually Desiree too, see some unusualness in the complexion of the baby. She isn’t sure about the underlying problem and on confronting to her husband she finds out that the child is not while and hence she doesn’t belong to a white origin. Desiree couldn’t believe him because this was a total disastrous surprise for her. The fact that is portrayed here is the significance of the facts. The issue regarding Desiree’s origin was already present but her husband didn’t care. But confronting the truth of her origin suddenly changed every bit of him. The narrow-mindedness and injustice of that society is delineated again. What if there’s some friend of mine and we are very much close. Someday if I find out, that he originates from a family who were slaves. Would it change anything between me and him? What if someone asks the same question from Armand? The difference would be obviously seen and that is the whole point and the major transition in the story. The reasonless transition of a character from being attached and so full in love with a person to rejecting her. As described by Ellen Peel, that there are moments of surprises and transitions in the story. So, the  first surprise comes when he interprets his baby’s appearance, concluding the fact that the child and its mother are not white. This fact revealed a major flaw and weakness in her husband’s character. There’s another perspective to this transition as well as it can be inferred that Desiree seems to invite projection: Madam Valmonde wanted a child so she got deceived by herself and the urge to be a mother. That doesn’t change the fact that she denied symbolism. She was a true believer and that too contradicts the writer’s beginning enlightenment. Secondly, Armand too got fooled by himself for believing that they could safely project their desires onto Desiree. In this manner, it is illustrated that even though Desiree didn’t look like from black origin but the discovery to her origin made her black. In this regard, a person who look white but has a tiny drop of black blood is considered black. As Joel Williamson believes, that the ‘one-drop-rule’ has a stand point but it eventually leads to the invisible blackness crisis. At this point in the story, two major panoramas can be looked upon too, miscegenation and disruptiveness. Disruptiveness is also a semiotic point of view explained by Ellen Peel. There’s a complex perspective to Desiree’s nature and its relevance to society. She doesn’t herself produce flaws as the flaws were there before she was even born but the role she plays is to reveal them which makes her disruptive. Another major transition to the story presents itself in the end of the story. Armand finds out that the black genes come from the baby through his own mother who was black. After Armand kicks out his wife and child, in the abusive storm of racialism and cruelty, he comes across a letter to his mother by his father, â€Å"I thank the good God for having so arranged our lives that our dear Armand will never know that his mother, who adores him, belongs to the race that is cursed with the brand of slavery.† As Ellen Peel believes that the heart of darkness lies within the self and so do I, the letter, unveils Armand’s shadowed face to himself. At this point, a big shift occurs when Armand is actually is in a position where he left his wife and child. Also, Armand had rejected his own blood because he was a product f rom a white man and a black woman and after the unveiling of the letter he finds himself in the same place as his child. This revelation shakes the whole picture of the story and the main dominant and brutal figure, Armand as he is now in the same position as his son. The famous quotation, ‘What  does around, always comes around ‘: Could be the best way to explain his situation. Though the whole plot is shaken but that only highlights the issue of society at a micro level. Neither it describes the change factor nor does it propose any possible solution. In the nineteenth century, sexual relations between two people of different races, or miscegenation, bore a distinctly deprecatory connotation. As seen by the quadroon slave child who fans Dà ©sirà ©e’s own baby, interracial relations did occur with relative frequency, but such children often ended up as slaves under the theory that even one drop of African or black blood made a person black rather than white. Likewise, many biracial people who happened to inherit pale skin and European rather than African features were able to in corporate at least temporarily into white society, passing for white if they chose. In Armand’s case, he did not even have to hide because he did not know his status. Some people who passed as white, like Armand, even successfully entered the Southern ‘ruling’ class, which was not only putatively white but also rich from owning plantation lands. Meanwhile, whereas most people fell on one side of the social divide between black and white, those of mixed descent lived on the border of social acceptability. Thus, the quadroon boy serving the quadroon master is ironic but also representative of the biracial group as a demographic sector of the population. Another irony of Chopin’s story is that although Dà ©sirà ©e is probably of Caucasian blood after all, only she and her innocent baby suffer from the accusation of miscegenation, whereas the mixed-race Armand Aubigny will probably not face any consequences for either his racial descent or his cruelty to his wife. This patently unjust state of affairs occurs not only because Armand will probably take the secret to his grave but also because, as Chopin informs us in the third para graph, Dà ©sirà ©e’s status is as much a question of familial class as of racial class. Although her presumed European ancestry places her above the slave class in the hierarchy of Louisiana, being white is not sufficient to place her in a class equal to that of the Aubignys. Note also that although Armand can echo his father in forgiving a beloved woman for her societal status, Armand can never be his father’s equal because he cannot forgive her presumed racial heritage. By contrast, Madame Valmonde is portrayed as loving, kind, and eminently ethical in her refusal to condemn Dà ©sirà ©e for her questionable blood. In addition to hinting at Armand’s  family secret, Chopin hints at his cruelty toward his slaves and creates an obvious parallel between his treatment of them and of his wife, who was by the legal code of the era barely higher than property. Whereas his father is described as â€Å"easy-going and indulgent,† Armand lives too strictly by the social mores of his era and not enough by a true moral code. Despite her name, Dà ©sirà ©e is only desired insofar as his standards are exceeded, and when he burns their wedding corbeille, it is the physical manifestation of the destruction of their wedding vows, in which he presu mably would have promised to cherish and care for her until death. In this manner, his seemingly ardent love shows itself to be shallow and undeserving. Another view to this story is a very different idea by Gary H, Mayer, who believes that this story originates and explains the general semantics or in other words, the story revolves around observation-inference confusion. An inference is nothing more than a mere guess which could be really destructible for anyone, according to Gary H, Mayer. According to him, the main sick character Armand, highlights a semantic error called ‘allness’, which happens when a person believes that he/she happens to know everything. Delving into the story, it can be seen that there’s a sequence of conclusions without any solid reasons by the characters. Adding icing to the top, it can also be delineated that the story represents a series of rational decisions. The decision of instantly falling in love. The decision of kicking Desiree and the child out of the house and most importantly the very first decision in the story where without any thinking, Desiree is fondled. Another weakness of human nature can be seen if we take into account a much deeper perspective to the story, which is to judge people by appearance. Armand loved Dà ©sirà ©e’s outer beauty, not her inner beauty. She was like a trophy to him. When the trophy became tarnished in his eyes, he removed it from its shelf and discarded it. He also rejected his child, for its skin exhibited a taint of impurity. Finally, like other Old South plantation owners, he viewed the blackness of his slaves as a defect that colored even their souls. However, conversation between Dà ©sirà ©e and Madame Valmondà © indicates that he apparently found time for La Blanche, the slave woman whose name (French for white) suggests that she was of mixed heritage, with light skin that made her a tolerable sexual object for Armand. Dà ©sirà ©e, speaking of the loudness of her baby’s crying, says, â€Å"Armand heard him the  other day as far away as La Blanche’s cabin.† To put it briefly, the whole panorama to this short little story contains versatility in it. The beauty of Kate Chopin is that she has presented this story as a symbol as well as a lesson that should be learnt. The extent of understanding differs for the readers as some readers would find it only a depressing tragedy. Unarguably, this story portrays the racial and gender based differences in the society. Though it should be mentioned that in the present day, this major issue has been eradicated to great extent but traces can still be found at a very micro level. Overall, the human weaknesses and tantrums and can cause to such differential crisis but society as we speak, has transformed into a better example of humanity. References Peel, Allen. â€Å"Semiotic Subversion in Desiree’s Baby.† Pegues, Dagmar. â€Å"Fear And Desire: Regional Aesthetics and Colonial Desire in Kate Chopin’s portrayals of The Tragic Mulatta Stereotype.† Mayer, Gary. â€Å"A matter of behavior: A semantic analysis of five Kate Chopin stories.† Khamees, Raghad. â€Å"Desiree’s Baby.†< http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3088548-desiree-s-baby>