Baroque Era Test Essays

Baroque Era Test Essays Baroque Era Test Paper Baroque Era Test Paper Essay Topic: Poetry During the seventeenth century, women who desired a public voice through music often joined a: convent Which of the following was a reason that a woman would join a convent during the seventeenth century? a. to avoid an unwanted marriage b. to seek asylum after being widowed c. to have an outlet for musical talent d. all of the above d. all of the above the canticle of Mary is generally known as the Magnificat during which service does the magnificat occur? vespers what services did Chiara Margarita Cozzolani provide for the convent of St. Radegonda? a. director of choirs b. abbess and prioress c. composer d. all of the above d. all of the above what is a type of music NOT composed by Chiara Margarita Cozzolani? the secular cantata the dramatic and mystical qualities of Cozzolanis setting of the Magnificat are similar to those of what other significant artwork? Beninis Ecstasy of Teresa Of the following, which characterizes Cozzolanis music for the Magnificat? a. imitative polyphony throughout b. an ABA structure c. expressive and rich in word-painting d. all of the above a? imitative polyphony throughout? (I wasnt sure about this one) what are the performing forces for Cozzolanis magnificat? two choirs, two soprano soloists, and organ and strings the prayer of praise at the end of the Magnificat is called the doxology a drama that is sung is called a opera the vocal style in opera that imitates the natural inflections of speech is called recitative a highly emotional song in an opera is called a aria the orchestral introduction at the beginning of an opera is called the overture the text of an opera is called the libretto what composer is regarded as the first master of opera? ? which cultural center rejected italian opera? France a type of English entertainment combining music, poetry, and dance was called the masque the greatest native-born English composer of Baroque was Henry Purcell Purcells opera Dido and Aeneas was composed for a production at a girls school who was the librettist of Purcells Dido and Aeneas? Nahum Tate what epic poem was the basis for Purcells opera Dido and Aeneas? Virgils Aeneid Dido sings her famous lament in Purcells opera Dido and Aeneas just prior to: killing herself Didos lament for Purcells opera Dido and Aeneas is composed over a ground base Luther believed that music belonged to the congregation in the Lutheran church, the weekly hymns sung by the congregation were called chorales which of the following does NOT describe the chorale? a. intended to be sung by the congregation b. four part harmony c. text in german d. simple and memorable melodies b. sang in four part harmonies the sacred cantata was an integral part of the lutheran church service the expansion of the chorale with new poetry resulted in the cantata during his musical career, Johann Sebastian Bach held position of: a. cantor of St. Thomans Church in Leipzig b. court organist and chamber musician to the duke of Weimar c. court musician to the prince of Ahjalt-Cothen d. all of the above d. all of the above Johann Sebastian Bach was most famous in his day as a performer on the organ what would listeners hear in a typical Bach chorale? intricate choral movements what is the form of the chorale tune Wachet Auf? bar form (AAB) Bachs cantata no. 140, Wachet Auf, has how many movements? seven the opening movement of Bachs cantata Wachet Auf is best described as a grand chorale fantasia the fourth movement of Bachs cantata Wachet Auf has three musical lines: unison choir, unison strings, and continuo Handels Messiah is a oratorio What is Handels most famous oratorio, frequently performed today? Messiah Why is Messiah so popular in Britain and America today? a. sung in english b. first part is appropriate for the christmas season c. it combines vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra d. all of the above d. all of the above which of the following does NOT characterize an oratorio? a. elaborate scenery b. recitatives c. arias d. choruses a. elaborate scenery the stories for oratorios are generally drawn from the Bible George Frideric Handel is considered master of the oratorio Who was born in Germany and studied in Italy, but spend much of his creative life in England? Handel When Handel arrived in London, he established his fame by composing oratorios Later in life, Handel turned his efforts from the opera to the oratorio the subject of the second part of Messiah is the death of christ the orchestra for Messiah relies primarily on the strings Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion from Messiah is an example of a da capo aria what is ritornello? an instrumental refrain in an aria the famous choral climax of Handels Messiah is the Hallelujah Chorus which of the following does NOT characterize the Hallelujah Chorus? a. varied dynamics b. fugal passages c. homophonic passages d. a cappella setting d. a cappella setting in seventeenth century New England, the puritan practice of singing that is based on call and response was called lining-out what is the basic texture of the practice of lining-out? monophonic why was lining-out developed? a. most people could not read music b. most people could not afford to buy a psalm book c. the church wanted everyone to participate equally in services d. all of the above d. all of the above what is heterophonic texture? the simultaneous performance of slight variants of the same melody which of the following was NOT a musical development in the seventeenth century? a. polyphonic settings of sacred music began to appear b, singing schools began teaching music c. american composers were discouraged from writing music d. shape-note singing was developed a. polyphonic settings of sacred music began to appear which of the following does NOT characterize shape-note notation? a. it was created in order to standardize sacred melodies b. it was based on solfege, syllables used to memorize music c. the shape of a note denoted its solfege syllable d. it was first applied to tutorials for piano playing d. it was first applied to tutorials for piano playing how can the career of William Billings be described? he knew several leaders of the American Revolution Billingss best-known publication is The New England Psalm Singer the form of Billingss Davids Lamentation is ABB what is the texture of Billingss Davids Lamentation? homophonic with solos and duets of the following, what contributes to the simplicity of Billingss Davids Lamentation? a. mostly stepwise melodies b. consonant harmonies c. duple meter and regular rhythmic patterns d. all of these d. all of these what describes Spanish attitudes toward indigenous American peoples? they tried to reconcile local beliefs and christianity which of the following musical activities in NOT associated with Gaspar Fernanded? a. playing organ b. composing operas c. teaching music to choirboys d. collecting music performed in Mexico at the time b. composing operas which of the following does NOT characterize the villancico by Fernandes? a. images of christianity mixed with those of the aztec religion b. an ensemble refrain c. notation that includes parts for organ and other instruments d. a frequent short-long rhythm c. notation that includes parts for organ and other instruments the first era of western music history in which instrumental music was a major focus for composers was the Baroque which of the following does NOT describe instrumental music in the Baroque era? a. the flowering of instrumental music was largely encouraged by wealthy patrons b. elaborate instrumental music often accompanied grand celebrations c. new technologies made more sophisticated instruments possible d. instrumental music became the central focus of western concert music at this time d. instrumental music became the central focus of western concert music at this time which of the following is NOT a major difference between Baroque and modern violins? a. the general shape of the instrument b. the type of strings c. the playing techniques d. the cost of the instrument a. the general shape of the instrument during the Baroque, which of the woodwind instruments became associated with a somber mood? bassoon which of the following instruments was NOT made of wood during Baroque? a. recorder b. oboe c. trumpet d. flute c. trumpet which of the following does NOT characterize the Baroque suite? a. consists of a series of dances b. movements are in contrasting keys c. each movements is a dance type from a different country d. the movements have contrasts of tempo and character b. movements are in contrasting keys which of the following dance types was NOT standard in a Baroque suite? a. allemande b. sarabande c. courante d. tarantella d. tarantella what is the most common form of the individual movement in a suite? binary baroque composers applied the concept of the suite to: a. solo instrumental music b. keyboard music c. orchestral music d. all of the above d. all of the above handels Water Music is best described as suite why is the music for Handels Water Music marked by lively rhythms and catchy melodies? it was written to be performed outdoors on barges the Alla hornpipe movement from Water Music is characterized by instrumental groups exchanging motivic ideas the instrumental form based on the contrast of two dissimilar bodies of sound is called a concerto the typical solo concerto has how many movements? 3 the *blank* form in a concerto is loosely based on the alternation between orchestral statements and virtuosic passages for the soloist. ritornello a ritornello form in a concerto is typically found in the first and third movements who was the greatest and most prolific italian composer of concertos? Vivaldi antonia vivaldi was known as the red priest for the color of his hair vivaldi lived and worked in Venice What is Vivaldis best-known set of concertos? The Four Seasons the solo instrument in Spring from The Four Seasons is the violin Which of the following does NOT characterize Vivaldis Four Seasons? a. based on poems b. avoid ritornello form c. convey pictoral images d. structured in three movement forms b. avoid ritornello the opening movement of Spring from The Four Seasons is in what form? ritornello in the slow movement of Spring, Vivaldi evokes a dogs parking through an ostinato rhythm which of the following was NOT an important keyboard instrument during the Baroque? a. harpsichord b. piano c. organ d. clavichord b. piano What keyboard instrument is plucked by quills? harpsichord the harpsichord is different from the piano because: a. sometimes has two keyboards b. strings are plucked c. not capable of wide dynamic range d. all of the above d. all of the above the keyboard instrument that uses various sets of pipes to create contrasting colors is? organ what is toccata? an improvisatory, virtuosic keyboard work what is the keyboard form that is based on the principle of voices imitating each other? fugue what is the principal element of a fugue? counterpoint after the first statement of the fugue subject, the second entrance of the subject is called the answer the opening section of a fugue, in which all voices successively introduce the subject is called the exposition in a fugue, the areas of relaxation where the subject is not heard are called episodes which of the following is NOT a contrapuntal device that alters the orginal theme of a fugue? a. augmenation b. retrograde c. prelude d. diminution c. prelude in a fugue, the technique of stating the theme in shorter time values that go faster is called diminution in the field of keyboard music, Bachs most important collection was the well-tempered clavier what is the title of a set of 48 preludes and fugues by Bach? the well-tempered clavier how many preludes and fugues are contained in the two well tempered clavier volumes? 48 Bachs last demonstration of contrapuntal mastery was the art of the fugue how many voices or individual lines are there in Bachs contrapunctus 1, from the art of the fugue? four by which voice is the subject first stated in contrapunctus 1 from the art of the fugue? alto TRUE or FALSE: Creative voices from groups excluded from equal opportunity seldom have any emotional impact. False TRUE or FALSE: Women who made a name for themselves as professional musicians were often viewed as having low morals. True TRUE or FALSE: The convent of St. Radegonda in Milan was famous for its music-making. True TRUE or FALSE: The Catholic Church supported the performances of nuns in public and their use of polyphony. False TRUE or FALSE: In convents, men frequently joined the nuns choir in order to perform the bass parts. False TRUE or FALSE: Although coming from the family of a wealthy Milanese merchant, Chiara Margarita Cozzolani entered a convent and professed her final vows at age eighteen. True TRUE or FALSE: In Cozzolanis Magnificat, the choirs often sing in homophony. True TRUE or FALSE: In opera, the lyric melodies that release emotional tension are called recitatives. False TRUE or FALSE: Early operas, such as Monteverdis Orfeo, were simple productions for intimate gatherings. False TRUE or FALSE: The first public opera houses opened in Venice. True TRUE or FALSE: In seventeenth-century England, the masque was a popular type of aristocratic entertainment that combined vocal instrumental music with poetry and dance. True TRUE or FALSE: Purcells Dido and Aeneas was first performed in a public opera house. False TRUE or FALSE: The aria When I am laid in earth is unified by a ground bass on a descending chromatic scale. True TRUE or FALSE: The aria When I am laid in earth is accompanied by continuo only. False TRUE or FALSE: Luther believed that professional musicians had no place in a church service. False TRUE or False: A chorale is a hymn tune associated with German Protestantism. True TRUE or FALSE: Chorales were intended to be sung by a trained choir. False TRUE or FALSE: The texts for chorales were always taken directly from the Bible. False TRUE or FALSE: Bach completed over two hundred cantatas. True TRUE or FALSE: Johann Sebastian Bach lived a short, unhappy life and had no children. False TRUE or FALSE: During his lifetime, Johann Sebastian Bach was known primarily as a great organist. True TRUE or FALSE: All the movements of Bachs Cantata No. 140 make use of the chorale tune Wachet auf. False TRUE or FALSE: In Wachet auf, Bach avoids mirroring the form of the chorale in his chorale movements. False TRUE or FALSE: A bar form has the structure of A-A-B. True TRUE or FALSE: An oratorio is a dramatic, staged work with elaborate scenery and costumes. False TRUE or FALSE: The role of a chorus is especially important in the oratorio. True TRUE or FALSE: Handel wrote his oratorio Messiah over a period of four years. False TRUE or FALSE: The libretto for Handels oratorio Messiah is a compilation of verses from the Old and New Testaments. True TRUE or FALSE: Handels Messiah is divided into three parts. True TRUE or FALSE: Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion is in bar form. False TRUE or FALSE: The Hallelujah Chorus is the climax of the Christmas section of Messiah. False TRUE or FALSE: Handels Hallelujah Chorus includes a variety of textures. True TRUE or FALSE: Lining-out was a system designed to promote polyphony in America. False TRUE or FALSE: Lining-out often involved heterophony. True TRUE or FALSE: Shape-note notation was designed to help the general public read music. True TRUE or FALSE: William Billings was the first highly trained composer active in America. False TRUE or FALSE: Billingss four-part compositions generally placed the main melody in the soprano. False TRUE or FALSE: The text for Billingss Davids Lamentation is derived from the Bible. True TRUE or FALSE: Missionaries taught American natives plainchant exclusively in Latin. False TRUE or FALSE: The incorporation of percussion instruments in Fernandess villancico is not indicated in the score but suggested by various historical documents. True TRUE or FALSE: The Renaissance period was the first in which instrumental music was comparable in importance to vocal music. False TRUE or FALSE: Stradivarius, Guarneri, and Amati were famous makers of violins during the Baroque era. True TRUE or FALSE: The invention of valves enable Baroque trumpet players to become virtuosos. False TRUE or FALSE: Today, Baroque music is played exclusively on modern instruments. False TRUE or FALSE: The standard Baroque suite consists of a variety of international dance types. True TRUE or FALSE: Baroque suites were composed for orchestra only. False TRUE or FALSE: Handels Water Music received its name because of the depiction of waves in the Alla hornpipe. False TRUE or FALSE: The Alla hornpipe from Handels Water Music is in ternary form. True TRUE or FALSE: The typical Baroque concerto is written for a solo instrument with a continuo accompaniment. False TRUE or FALSE: The concerto lends itself to virtuoso playing. True TRUE or FALSE: The tempos in a three-movement concerto are Adagio-Allegro-Andante. False TRUE or FALSE: Antonio Vivaldi composed over two hundred concertos for solo violin. True TRUE or FALSE: Vivaldi lived in Rome, where he taught music at a girls school. False TRUE or FALSE: Bach composed the famous set of works known as the Brandenburg Concertos. True TRUE or FALSE: The Four Seasons is considered to be program music. True TRUE or FALSE: In Spring from The Four Seasons, all of the images are created in the orchestra passages. True TRUE or FALSE: The most important keyboard instruments of the Baroque were the harpsichord, organ and piano. False TRUE or FALSE: The strings of a harpsichord are plucked by quills. True TRUE or FALSE: The advantage of the harpsichord was its ability to produce crescendos and diminuendos. False TRUE or FALSE: The organ has multiple keyboards. True TRUE or FALSE: A fugue is a contrapuntal composition in which a single subject is the focal point that unifies the work. True TRUE or FALSE: A fugue is a form intended exclusively for solo keyboard performance. False TRUE or FALSE: At the beginning of a fugue, the countersubject is stated alone. False TRUE or FALSE: Johann Sebastian Bachs Art of Fugue is now generally considered to be a keyboard work. False

Locate and Identify Black Locust in North America

Locate and Identify Black Locust in North America Robinia pseudoacacia, commonly known as the black locust, is a prickly tree within the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family called  Fabaceae and is considered to be a legume with flattened pea pods several inches long. Black locust is native to the southeastern United States, but has been widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe and Asia. The original range of the locust is in the Appalachian, Ozark and Ouachita range  located in the middle mountains of Eastern North America.  They are now considered an invasive species in some areas even within the natural range. Black locust was introduced into Britain in 1636 where it has slowly garnered a universal appeal to tree lovers. Black Locust Identification One major identifier is the long compound leaves with up to 19 leaflets which present  the typical and unique locust leaf profile (not to be confused with the twice compound leaves of honey locust). The other ID marker is a small stout briar spine  on branches, often curved and in pairs at each leaf node. Late spring to early summer flowers can be showy, white and drooping  with 5-inch flower clusters. These flowers are fragrant with a vanilla and honey scent. The leguminous fruit developing from the flower has 4-inch papery thin pods with small, dark-brown, kidney-shaped seeds. These autumn seeds will persist until the next spring. You will find this tree primarily  in areas where it colonizes open fields and roadsides. Its ability to grow in poor soils, fast growth, ornamental foliage and fragrant flowers make for a favorite tree to plant. More on Black Locust Black locust is sometimes called yellow locust and grows naturally on a wide range of sites but does best on rich moist limestone soils.  Black locust is not a commercial timber species but is useful for many other purposes. Because it is a nitrogen fixer and has rapid juvenile growth, it is widely planted as an ornamental, for shelterbelts, and for land reclamation. It is suitable for fuelwood and pulp and provides cover for wildlife, browse for deer, and cavities for birds. We must recognize that black locust is not an important tree for logging purposes as there is very little timber value and it has little lumber or paper pulp potential. We still need to remember that the tree has and is used  in the United States to be manufactured into a wide variety of products. Robinia pseudoacacia is planted for many specialized purposes. Black locust is used for fence posts, mine timbers, poles, railroad ties, insulator pins, ship timber, tree nails for wooden ship construction, boxes, crates, pegs, stakes, and novelties. Pulp with satisfactory mechanical properties can be made from the tree, particularly by the sulfate process but commercial value awaits  further investigation.